Plaque bacteria may be the reminants or granules of protein from shelled creatures such as foraminifera. The granules are found in water, rocks and soil, and wherever the reminants have been spread throughout time. The deposits are the size of a grain of sand or a particle of ash. In water, the granules become magnets when the liquid changes its acid base balance. Acid base balance is called pH to designate the concentration of hydrogen ions in relation to hydroxy ions in the solution. Magnets have electromagnetic fields that draw metals to their outer surface. When the metals adhere to the outer surface, they become a part of the granule as a cell wall. In the case of plaque bacteria, the metal is calcium. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element on the planet. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal that is easily attracted to an electromagnetic field.

Why do plaque bacteria attract calcium and why can't dirt or other inorganic particles attract calcium? Why don't other bacteria attract calcium? Plaque bacteria are unique because calcium becomes a biomineral that attaches to their body by bonding to a special biofilm of protein. In the human body, there are proteins that bond calcium in the formation of teeth and bone. A grain of dirt and other inorganic particles do not have this biofilm of protein. Other bacteria do not attract calcium because the metal suffocates their breathing. Plaque bacteria do not need the energy from breathing. Plaque bacteria are too small and lack the breathing pump that larger bacteria need to create energy. How can grains of ash or dust be considered live bacteria? They can, if they can be extracted and cultured to replicate. The plaque bacteria have been cultured in vitro by both Folk from the USA and Kajander from Finland. Two scientists from different parts of the world using different media and different sources were able to grow plaque bacteria. Plaque bacteria contain some kind of genetic material and some kind of ribosomes to manufacture new proteins. The bacteria may be precursers to DNA. The bacteria eat food by passing the nutrients into their body through passages of protein called porins. They replicate by cell division called bimitosis or splitting of cells into two cells. The magnetic power of plaque bacteria may be nature's special physical property given only to this unique bacteria. Nature gives all creatures unique features to protect them in their environment. Shell organisms must have this inner magnetic ability to attract biominerals without destroying their metabolic processes. There are some cultures that believe that powder reminants of strong creatures have a power to heal. Powdered shark cartilage is used by natural healers as a medicine to strengthen the cartilage and bones of their patients. The Chinese incorporate deer antlers, tiger teeth, and or rhinocerous horns into powders to enhance their herbal potients. There must be a mystical power in granules left by living organisms. Therein may lie the secret to life. Take water, inorganic minerals, elements in air and granules from remains of a dead organism, mix them together and out comes a living organism that resembles the original organism. The granule carries the power of life. After life ends, the mineral remains as fossils and the body decomposes to become deposits of protein granules.

If food or milk is left in open air, the food spoils and days later, molds and other bacteria are seen growing on the food. Did the bacteria come from air or was the bacteria in the food? The University of Wisconsin Microbiology department conducted lab tests to prove that the bacteria came from food. Sliced cabbage was salted to kill existing bacteria and placed in a vacuum to prevent bacteria entering from air. Bacteria growth were measured periodically. The test showed that not only did bacteria appear and grow, but the type of bacteria depended on the pH of the environment. The cabbage contained spores of bacteria whose morphology changed with increment changes in pH. The first type of bacteria to grow in high concentrations were enteric bacteria. Enteric bacteria release byproducts that reduced the pH to become more acidic. In this environment, acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria fluorished. The enteric bacteria started to disappear. The acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria produced byproducts of acids that further lowered the pH. Enteric bacteria completely disappeared and acetic acid bacteria started to disappear. When the pH dropped below 4, acetic acid bacteria completely disappeared. Lactic acid bacteria and molds dominated the environment. When the process of turning cabbage into sauerkraut was complete, there were no enteric and acetic acid bacteria left. Did the bacteria disappear or did they change into different types of bacteria? The most accepted theory is that bacteria are of one morphology. Under this theory, the bacteria died and quit reproducing. This kind of bacteria is called monomorphic. Another theory believes that the bacteria mutated with changes in pH to change shapes. This kind of bacteria is called pleomorphic. There is still another theory that believes that there are both kinds of bacteria that exist. The pleomorphs have been called facultative bacteria and can exist in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The cabbage experiment favors the theory that both kinds of bacteria may exist because at the end of fermentation, there were other kinds of bacteria that consisted of bacilli, cocci and mycelia that continued to grow. They were thrown into one class that were favorable to the fermentation process. These bacteria are said to be existing symbiotically in the environment. PBS, the education channel recently did a broadcast on Evolution in which they stated that in some situations, a thousand different species can live symbiotically with each other. Fermentation may be one of these situations.

Magnetic attraction

In vitro tests by Olavi Kajander and Neva Ciftcioglu of Finland showed that a form of organism, the size of a granule could form plaque in a certain media. Kajander dubbed the organism Nanobacteria sanguineum. Nanobacteria sucked out all the calcium and phosphate in the cell culture medium to form plaque at the bottom of the petri dish. Kajander used nanobacteria from fetal bovine serum of cows. Kajander found that the pH in the medium was the key factor to growth of plaque. In normal cell culture medium using FBS, nanobacteria reproduced but showed little growth. Reproduction was measured by increase in certain proteins in the medium. Kajander used normal cell culture medium with FS (free serum) and showed an increase in growth but very little mineralization. Kajander believes that blood serum from animals, including humans contain inhibitors that keep bacteria from forming biominerals. Kajander identified the inhibitors as osteopontin, osteocalcin and fetuin. Kajander changed the medium to Loeffler's medium and found that nanobacteria grew to form tumor like plaque crystals at the bottom of the petri dish. The plaque was scraped from the bottom of the dish and examined. The bottom portion that was facing the bottom of the petri dish was hollow, showing that nanobacteria hid under the biominerals to protect themselves. The reason that nanobacteria grew to tumor like crystals was because Loeffler medium has a higher alkaline pH than cell culture medium.

Kajander found that the condition of the environment was the most important factor in plaque formation. At a pH above 7.4, calcium carbonate formation occurs. Lower than 7.4, there can be no calcium carbonate formation with of without bacteria. Tumor like crystals form when the pH is higher as in Loeffler medium of 7.6. Blood has a normal pH of between 7.35-7.45. Higher or lower pH could result in disease. Kajander found that nanobacteria was the sole organism responsible for plaque because the same Loeffler medium without nanobacteria formed no plaque. Kajander believes that nanobacteria are responsible for all the calcium deposit diseases in humans. Among the diseases are kidney stones, heart plaque, arthritis, brain diseases and periodontal disease.

Kajander was able to link nanobacteria to the cause of kidney stones. Kajander ground 30 kidney stones from humans and found that all 30 contained nanobacteria. Kajander was able to use particles from the ground kidney stones to grow plaque. Kajander believes that nanobacteria cause 90% of all kidney stones in humans. 10% is due to regular size bacteria. Kajander took nanobacteria and injected them into lab animals. The nanobacteria travelled almost directly to the urine. Kajander believes that kidney stones occur in humans when the urease and other chemicals raise the pH in urine where nanobacteria take the calcium and form plaque crystals (stones).

The reason that bovine animals are a good source of nanobacteria is that the animals are a good source of calcium and phosphate. Cows milk and milk products are the best source of calcium for humans. In England today, there is a great deal news about mad cows disease. The disease is blamed on prions. Prions are similar in size to nanobacteria. Could prions and nanobacteria be related? Kajander found that nanobacteria first formed cell walls of fat. When the fat is not available, nanobacteria use minerals to replace the fat. Mad cow disease involves prions that invade the brain. Could it be that prions use the extra fat in the brain to form colonies and grow? In the same manner, could nanobacteria cause dimentia and learning disabilities in humans? There is one certainty and that is that before nanobacteria or prions can cause disease, the pH of the blood must be altered and the immune system must be crippled. Blood inhibitors in the serum keep resistant bacteria from growing cell walls.

Critics use the argument that Nanobacteria are not living bacteria. They are not large enough to have the necessary genetics and ribosomes to reproduce. Some of the critics think that Nanobacteria are fragments of gram negative bacteria cell walls. Suppose that this is the case, there still is some kind of protein that forms plaque. In humans, integrins and sialoproteins may be the link to calcium carbonate formation in teeth and bone. The oral cavity is a unique part of the body. Saliva is a body fluid that does not have blood inhibitors to prevent plaque formation. The oral cavity is an ideal place to grow plaque.