Periodontal disease begins with gingivitis. Gingivitis is an acute disease where pathogenic regular bacteria attack undigested food particles lodged between the teeth and under the gums. The bacteria expel byproducts of toxic gas. The toxins begin poisoning cells. The immune system is alerted that an infectious process is taking place. Immune cells are sent to the area in the blood and lymph canals. The extra activity increases the amount of blood and lymph fluids in the oral cavity. Swelling of the gingival tissue (gums) and excessive bleeding result from the extra fluids along with some pain. The immune cells start swallowing bacteria, including nanobacteria that start forming plaque. The immune system releases antioxidants to neutralize the oxidized blood. The disease is stopped from spreading. If the person rushed to the dentist office, the dentist recognized the symptoms as gingivitis, caused by bacteria. Treatment is first scaling by the dentist or dental hygienist. The scaling is followed by prescribing antibiotics, antiinflammatory agents, pain pills, hydrogen peroxide and other antibacterial agents. The patient goes home, the bleeding subsides, and the swelling and pain disappears. Everything seems fine, but this is the beginning of periodontal disease. The symptoms of swelling and bleeding were the result of the body trying to get rid of the infection. The medications given by the dentist get rid of the symptoms but not the underlying infection. The symptoms are suppressed to go deeper into the body. The medications send a false message to the brain that tells the brain the infection is gone. The immune system is withdrawn from the area, leaving nanobacteria to grow undeterred. Nanobacteria are allowed to colonize and form plaque. The plaque destroys fibrous connective tissue and sucks up all the calcium and phosphates in the blood and lymph canals. The body replenishes the minerals by withdrawing them from bone. Pockets form and periodontal disease begins. If the disease continues to progress, it leads eventually to loose teeth and ends with extraction of teeth. The principles of Chinese Medicine teach that acute symptoms are necessary for healing and suppressing the symptoms do indeed lead to pushing the disease deeper into the body. What appeared as an irritation can lead to periodontal disease and tooth loss.

The body is still able to prevent periodontal disease because in blood and lymph cells are inhibitors. Kajander found that in FBS and human blood serum were chemicals that prevented plaque formation. The inhibitors he found are osteopontin, osteocalcin and fetuin. People with a healthy immune system have these inhibitors that keep plaque bacteria from growing in blood and lymph fluids. Growing means forming a cell wall and protective shells. Kajander found that nanobacteria are unique in that they did not go into hibernation as is the pattern of ultramicrobacteria. In fact nanobacteria continue to grow at a slow rate of doubling every three days. This growth rate does not cause disease because the immune system sends phagocytes to consume the plaque bacteria before they can colonize. Inhibitors may be the major reason why periodontal disease is inflicted on older people. Younger people have a strong immune system. Chronic disease, diet, medications, and stress all contribute to oxidized blood and a weak immune system. Younger people use little medications other than toothpaste and mouthwash. They have a diet that does not oxidize saliva and they have very little stress. Young people need energy from sugars and soda pop. Young people eat hamburgers, hot dogs, pickles and drink milk. Young people love pizzas, hot chocolate and candy bars. Young people eat white bread and cakes. Young people drink juices and gatorade. All foods that form acids. Calcium deposits grow in alkaline pH. Old people are prime targets for plaque. They take medicines and all sorts of pills. They probably are afflicted with some kind of chronic disease. They have had operations to one part and perhaps several parts of the body. They eat more calories than they can burn up. They have accumulated large amounts of poisons that act as free radicals in the blood. They use strong toothpaste, antiseptic mouthwashes, alcohol breath fresheners, hydrogen peroxide, salt, and drink and rinse from tap water. Their diet is coffee, tea, cocoa, and mostly alkaline foods. They may have bad habits that include drinking and smoking. They get very little sleep. They are constantly stressed with an assortment of problems. Add to all the above, old people lack enzymes to digest foods and milk. They lack healthy teeth to grind the food into small particles. Antibiotics and other toxic chemicals have destroyed nature's help in digesting food and fighting pathogenic bacteria. Old people lack beneficial bacteria that aid in digesting food and controlling pathogens. Acid forming foods, including milk can not be converted into nutrients and energy. More pathogens than beneficial bacteria exist in the digestive tract creating a condition called dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is an ecological imbalance of pathogens to beneficial bacteria. The pathogens dominate and turn food into toxins that destroy cells in the digestive tract and leave others sick and lacking energy. The toxins get into the blood and help increase the pH to oxidize blood. Dysbiosis begins in the oral cavity. All the medications, including antibiotics has killed most of the beneficial bacteria in the mouth. New invading bacteria are mostly pathogens from food, polluted air, and polluted water. The result is dysbiosis, more pathogens than beneficial bacteria in the oral cavity. Dysbiosis results in gingivitis, the start of periodontal disease.

The oral cavity is unique in that plaque can be controlled. Saliva is the key factor to overall plaque in the oral cavity. Saliva is a fluid secreted by salivary glands that consists of mucous and serous liquid. The mucous allows the food particles to slip through the grooves of the teeth to grind the food properly. The mucous allows the bolus of food to be swallowed and not stick to the esophagus. The serous fluid is alkaline rich because it is needed to neutralize the strong acids in the stomach. Saliva utilizes calcium as the mineral salt to make the salliva alkaline. Water follows salt and calcium is the salt that leads saliva into the oral cavity. Along with calcium are phosphates, hydrogen carbonate, water and sialoproteins. The perfect concoction for plaque formation. Calcium forms calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate compounds in saliva. Calcium deposits are formed all day long. In the morning, a person brushes his or her teeth with some kind of fluoride or antibacterial toothpaste. Fluorine is the strongest oxidant known to man. Hydrogen fluoride is converted in saliva to an acid of hydronium ion and a base of fluorine gas. It is no coincidence that the high incidence of periodontal disease emerged along with Fluoride toothpastes and fluoride water. Next, the person rinses with a strong antiseptic mouthwash that combines with saliva to release hydroxide ion and singlet oxygen. The next two strongest oxidants known to man. If the person has bleeding, he or she rinses with hydrogen peroxide, the fourth strongest oxidant known to man. Squirt a little breath freshener that has alcohol which is an acid that releases hydroxide ions, the second strongest oxidant known to man. The end of the morning ritual may be rinsing with tap water, which is introducing nanobacteria and also an oxidant. All the oxidants used when one gets up, leaves the oral cavity full of negative ions to raise the pH in saliva. Next comes a nice hot cup of coffee or usually more than one cup. The coffee is made with tap water that contains nanobacteria. Coffee is a strong alkaloid that raises the pH in the water. Boiling does not kill nanobacteria. As soon as the coffee enters the oral cavity, nanobacteria start forming plaque. Coffee and plaque go together. Tea is no better than coffee and cocoa falls into the same category. Add a vice of a morning smoke and the plaque formation is well on its way. Top that off with breakfast of ham, eggs and hash brown potatoes. Ham contains nanobacteria, eggs contain nanobacteria if the chickens drank tap water or the feed was grown in tap water. Hash brown potatoes are alkaline and the salt used on the potatoes is more alkaline. The food probably did not get properly digested because the food was cooked. Cooking kills the enzymes necessary for digestion. All the antibacterial agents killed both the beneficial and the pathogens. New bacteria entering the mouth are mostly pathogens to start attacking the undigested food particles. Even more of a danger today are adult resistant bacteria that mutate to resist antibacterial agents. The process of gingivitis begins. All during the morning ritual, nanobacteria are busy forming plaque. Plaque is a slow process that does not show visible particles for months. Yet they slowly build and when the nanobacteria grow plaque in blood, the saliva plaque combine with the plaque in blood. Once the plaque builds, nothing can dissolve the old plaque. The old plaque are graveyards of nanobacteria left on the teeth. Only scaling by the dentist or dental hygienist will remove the plaque. Kajander found that amino glycosides and tetracycline prevent nanobacteria from growing. The problem is that the bacteria are already dead. Old plaque is called calculus and unless removed is a harbinger for pathogenic bacteria to hide and a collector of small food particles. Old plaque must be removed to maintain a healthy oral cavity.
Scaling

Scaling is the only true way to get rid of plaque and calculus. The more the teeth are scaled, the more plaque seems to grow. Why? The reason may be that scaling leaves notches in the teeth. The notches are microscopic but so are the nanobacteria. Nanobacteria are able to lodge into the notch and secure themselves tightly in the space. When the teeth are scaled, the calcium shells of nanobacteria remain in the notch. It is like shaving, no matter how close the shave, the follicle of the hair remains. The duller the blade the more hair remains. Using sharp curettes plain the roots, but still leave tiny mineral deposits. Billions of nanobacteria can be piled on top of the head of a straight pin. Tiny scratches could leave millions of nanobacteria wedged into the root of the teeth. The nanobacteria shells carry a negative charge in oxidative blood that attracts other nanobacteria and free calcium compounds to the surface of the shells. Growth is faster between scalings. The more the teeth are scaled, the quicker the plaque forms. It is not the dentist's fault, it is merely science at work. Nanobacteria shells are magnets in an alkaline environment. The best that the dentist or dental hygienist can do for their patient is to use as sharp a curette as possible. The smaller the shell left, the less magnetic charge. Ultrasonic cleaning merely chips off large fragments of calculus. Scaling with a sharp instrument should always follow ultrasonic cleaning because the left over calcium deposits will become strong magnets to attract more plaque bacteria and more calcium compounds.

Dental plaque and periodontal disease is more prevalent in the United States than other countries. The reason may be due to polluted water. Ever since the introduction of fluorides and Chlorine into the water system, there has been an increase in periodontal disease. Fluoride is known to be effective against tooth decay because of its antibacterial properties. Yet, fluoride does not seem to be effective in preventing dental plaque. The reason may be attributed to the possible misconception that plaque is caused by adult sized bacteria. Wastewater companies receive exorbitant fees to test water systems and make them safe. These companies have Fluorine gas listed as the most reactive chemical that pollutes water. The other most reactive chemicals are unstable oxygen and chlorine. What makes these chemicals so toxic is that they increase the pH in water. Water is a good electrolyte that carries electricity. Gases that increase the electricity make the water more toxic. Is it any wonder that the introduction of fluoride to toothpaste and fluoride to water has made the oral cavity more toxic to promote plaque. There is some connection between plaque formation and water that is alkaline. Acidic water does not form plaque because mineralization needs the electric current of toxic gases. Countries that do not treat their water supply with chemicals seem to have less dental plaque and periodontal disease. People who drink mountain fresh water in this country are less likely to have periodontal disease. Kajander found that only 10% of Finnish people were susceptable to plaque diseases. Finland is not the polluted society as the United States.

Kajander links Nanobacteria to dental plaque because the concentration of calcium to phosphate is similar to that of calcium and phosphate in teeth and bone in the oral cavity. Dental critics dismiss the theory of Kajander because they claim that plaque is not calcium carbonate but some other apatite crystal. They admit that plaque can form only when the pH is above 7. The pH is very critical because saliva is said to have a pH in the 7.3 range. If you believe the critics, then plaque can form in normal saliva. On the otherhand, if you believe Kajander, plaque can form only above 7.4 and large plaque crystals occur only with a pH above 7.6. Kajander could not grow plaque with Nanobacteria in regular
agar, showing that if dental plaque can be grown in regular agar, then Kajander is wrong in his assumption that Nanobacteria cause dental plaque. Critics have to be able to grow plaque in regular agar to dispel the theory of Kajander.

The pH is critical to plaque formation. Perhaps just as critical is the electromagnetic field that surrounds the plaque bacteria.

Olavi Kajander linked Nanobacteria to kidney stones. He postulated that maybe Nanobacteria formed other calcium deposit diseases in humans, including dental plaque. His critics from the NIH (National Institute of Health) came to different conclusions about Nanobacteria. Yet, the critics may have found that some kind of particle in a pH above 7.4 did grow in saliva. These critics may have linked dental plaque to ultramicrobacteria. Buryl Payne, Ph.D. in his book "The Body Magnetic" may have provided the answers to why ultramicrobacteria are live organic organisms. It is all about what is called the magnetic field that surrounds all living organisms.